Tesco Company Profile

The company has also established a strong customer base by effectively utilizing the information held within their systems by leveraging the concept of Customer Relationship Marketing. Alongside, the company has effectively performed the process of data mining through directly analysing the information from the EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) Systems installed in their shop floors so as to identify the potential customers and enter new target markets and business segments. The implementation of the file maker systems in line with their point of sale systems to produce store specific adverts and promotion banners has apparently leveraged the company an edge over its competitors in the supermarket chain. The online shopping system TESCO WEBSITE In the light of the above argument, an insight into the TESCO website reveals the following results. The company has a highly structured website that has classified its products efficiently based on the departments and then provided a two stage categorisation for identifying the actual product itself. The two stages of categorisation are achieved by the providing a short list of hyperlinks under a selected category so as to enable the customer to view the products. The website also provides an interactive help system that efficiently guides a new user to quickly get accustomed to the online shopping process in order to encourage the customers to shop online. Apart from the easy to navigate system and the help provided online, the company has also established a dedicated call centre service especially to attend to the queries of the online shoppers including support on completing an order as well as serving the customer queries on existing orders and deliveries. Alongside, the feature of reserving a delivery schedule before starting the shopping process itself makes it further easier for the customer to decide on the products to prioritise on the order placed. This provides an additional benefit of gaining customer satisfaction as well as a second to none service in the online shopping system to the customers. The aforementioned statements further justify that the TESCO Plc has apparently gained competitive advantage in the electronic commerce mode of retailing in the supermarket chain segment of the retail sector in the UK. Alongside, the company has not only established the online transaction system for the sale of its retail products but for cross selling of its other services including DVD rental, finance and other services. This complete existence of the company over the Internet has apparently proved successful in gaining competitive advantage in the market. The above analysis has proved that TESCO Plc has leveraged competitive advantage through strategically deploying the electronic commerce system in its website and conducting transactions quickly in order to provide timely delivery of the products and services. The research conducted so far is based on the secondary information resources and hence to derive on a concrete solution, a primary research in the form of questionnaire is carried out. The next chapter provides a critical overview of the research methodology and the scope

Prison Overcrowding Essay

Abstract This research paper is to explore the impact of prison overcrowding. The United States has a, what seems to be everlasting, prison overcrowding problem. Not only does the United States have this dilemma, but also many other countries have overcrowded prisons as well. Many issues need to be addressed; ways to reduce the prison populations and how to effectively reduce prison cost without jeopardizing community safety are major issues that need attention. Successfully rehabilitating inmates can play an important role in the fight to Prison Overcrowding There are overcrowded prisons all over the world. In 2011, the United States federal prisons housed around 219,000 inmates. In 1980, the United States federal prison population was 25,000. A total of 1,598,780 adults were incarcerated in county jails and federal and state prisons at the end of 2011, according to Urban Institute. There are many issues that need to be revisited until there is a solution. A number of impacts are the product of the overcrowded prisons. Health, safety of inmates and correctional staff, as well as, economical problems all need some solution, and quickly. Not only are prisons affected, communities are also directly and indirectly affected by prison overcrowding. Even though the government can’t just start releasing prisoners that haven’t served their full sentences to reduce the populations, the cost of incarceration, the health and safety of inmates and staff, and the affect that overcrowding has on communities are all issues that cannot be put on a back burner. With United States prisons being filled 38 percent above their capacity, some issues are of greater importance than others when it comes to the overcrowding of prisons. How to decrease prison populations is the main objective. California has started a program that has reduced prison populations significantly. Nonviolent, non-serious, non-sexual offenders are sentenced to local facilities like county jails  instead of state prison. The Department of Corrections has programs that alternative to incarceration and are more cost effective that have been given more funding in recent years also. The cost of incarceration, and the effect it has on the economy, in the United States is a major issue. It is very costly to house inmates in prison every year. An article in Impaired Driver Update. Show that it cost $27,000 to hold one inmate for a year, and that approximately $50 billion a year is spent on incarceration. It cost 20 times more to have an inmate incarceration than to have them on probation. Of $50 billion dollars spent on correction, $6.8 billion is spent on probation. An article published in Federal Probation in 2013 states, â€Å"recidivism rates average between 43 and 67 percent and supervision violators constitute on third of the persons admitted to state correctional facilities,† and â€Å"on, average, persons under supervision have five prior arrest; 16 percent violated a federal, state, or local community supervision, and 8 percent have a history of absconding.† Sentencing offenders to alternative programs would help cut cost and also help decrease prison overcrowding. Alternative programs for offenders in lieu of prison or inmate programs that help rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for re-entry co uld also help prison overcrowding. If inmates are able to attend programs for drug treatment, social disorders, and dealing with issues like abuse as a child the prison population could decrease. Inmates that have successfully rehabilitated have contributed to society and thus show that more money towards rehabilitation instead of incarceration could have a positive impact on population and society. In 2012, supervisees paid around $645 million in restitution, fines, and assessments. They contributed $4 million in community service. If more inmates are successfully rehabilitated an estimation in the Federal Probation shows that a savings of around $115 million could be cut of the budget with supervisees contributing by paying taxes, supporting dependents rather than on welfare, satisfying ordered financial obligations, and performing community service. The probation system cannot solve the whole overcrowding problem but could help immensely. Inmates that are released from prison that have no family, no real friends, no one to help them are really set up to fail off the top. They are given $200 and sent out to survive in what is one of the most expensive countries in the world. $200 now days will not even get you a hotel room for a week.  So many of them revert to selling drugs, stealing, or worse to manage. If there were more programs to help find them housing, employment opportunities and teach them how to be productive members of society, maybe the prison population would continue to decrease. There are also many effects of prison overcrowding on inmates and correctional staff health as well as the effects on correctional staff safety. The Corrections Manager Report in Dec/Jan 2014 reports an incident of a BOP officer killed, â€Å"while working alone in a unit housing 130 inmates.† The Urban Institute also states, â€Å"health and safety hazards from over used toilets, showers, and food service equipment,â⠂¬  are some of the many issues that need to be addressed. The Supreme Court ruled that California prisons were so bad they violated the 8th amendment and CDRC needed to reduce prison population by 30,000 inmates. Releasing inmates also has an effect on communities. When inmates are release it can affect their communities. If in the future there are more alternatives to incarceration to help reduce prison population people will be affected. Of course, not all inmates are going to follow their rehabilitation program and their offense will affect their community. They many rob, steal, or possibly assault someone in their community. They could begin to sale drugs that can also directly affect a community. There are positive ways though too that the community could be affected and the community could also positively affect the offender by participating or starting programs that help offenders start following a new path, and become successful members of society. Some communities have started outreach programs that help offenders. By having alternative programs available to offenders, who meet certain criteria it will help with the prison overcrowding problem that much of the United States continues to have a serious problem with. Prison overcrowding is a serious problem all over the world. It has economic effects. Prison overcrowding also has health risk to inmates as well as correctional staff. Safety risk for both inmates and correctional staff pose a great problem to with prisons being overcrowded. There are both pros and cons when it comes to effects on communities with this issue. Although we can’t just start releasing inmates to solve prison overcrowding, we can start focusing on ways to solve this problem. Prison overcrowding is a very complicated issue and should be given great attention by Congress, the Board of Prisons, and the Department of Justice. References Gershenhorn, Karen & Myers Ryan. 2013. Prison Math. Impaired Driver. Winter 2013. Vol. 17. Issue 1, p 5-19. Harding, Richard. 1987. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. Australian Academic Press. Mar.1987. Vol. 20 Issue 1, p 50-62. Mobley, Alan & Owen, Barbara. 2012. Western Criminology Review. Aug. 2012. Volume 13. Issue 2. p 46-57. Rowland, Mathew. 2013. Federal Probation. Sept. 2013. Volume 77. Issue 2. p 12-12. Schiffner, Bill. 2013. Corrections Forum. July/Aug 2013. Vol. 22. Issue 4, p. 38-39

Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Head-to-Toe Assessment - Essay Example For this purpose, a disposable, electronic or tympanic thermometer is required (Amugi-crouch& Meurier, 2011). Since temperature of the patient is within such a narrow range and is required to take accurately, the presence of a thermometer is essential, as it cannot be measured without it. Pulse is measured directly by the monitor that is used to measure other vital signs. However, if the machine is not available, it can be felt by palpating the pads of the first three fingers against the patient’s wrist and counting the pulse beats in one minute, starting from zero. Normal Findings: Temperature of the patient is between 36-37.5Â °C.Normal pulse rate is 60-100 (mean of 70) beats per minute. The systolic blood pressure normally ranges from 100-140mmHg. The diastolic blood pressure, on the other hand normally ranges from 60-90 mmHg. Abnormal Findings: Hyperthermia, pyrexia or fever occurs when the temperature exceeds 38Â °C. An excessively high temperature- such as above 40Â °C is known as hyperpyrexia. Hypothermia where in the temperature of the patient is below 35Â °C A pulse rate of under 60 beats per minute is termed bradycardia and may occur in hypoxia, ischemic heart disease etc. A pulse rate of over 100 beats per minute is termed as tachycardia. It may occur in stress, anxiety, pyrexia and pain (Amugi-crouch & Meurier, 2011).Hypertension occurs when the blood pressure readings remain consistently over 140mmHg for systolic and 90mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. It may result from the excess consumption of caffeine and in excessively cold environments. Hypotension occurs when the blood pressure readings fall below 100mmHg for systolic and 60mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (Talley & O’Connor, 2009). It may result because of shock, pulmonary embolus and cardiac failure (LeMone et al 2012). Nursing Plan in abnormal findings: The plan taken will be primarily to

Bank regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Bank regulation - Essay Example Banks are big players in the financial sector of governments in the world. Because of that, banks affect the countries economically and hence their operations must be monitored. Some banks are very large that they are considered, â€Å"too big to fail† (Andrew, 2010). That means that such banks would cause a lot of economic problems if they were to go down. Such banks are very sensitive to their country’s economy as it is partially dependent on them. In the instance the banks crumble, it takes the government to provide funds to bail them out. If the government were to fail to do so there would be a financial crisis in the country. Bank regulation was put in place to achieve some aims. The aims and objectives vary from country to country but there are those that stand out and are common in many countries. Some of the aims are systemic risk reduction, protecting bank confidentiality, increasing credit allocation to deserving clients and to decrease fraud in banks. Systemi c risk reduction ensures that the financial system of a country does not fail completely due to irregular trading conditions of banks (Alexander, 2006, p.184). Protecting bank confidentiality ensures that the information that a bank is entitled to rightfully withhold from the public is not leaked. Credit allocation ensures that the right and deserving entities can access loans from the banks. Decreasing fraud ensures that banks are not used to perform financial malpractices like money laundering. Bank regulation occurs by applying certain principles that vary from country to country. Some principles are however common in most of the countries. The general principles of bank regulation therefore include supervisory review, market discipline and minimum requirements. Supervisory review involves licensing and monitoring of banks. For banks to operate they need to be licensed and this is done by the financial regulator. The Bank regulators after licensing banks monitor them to ensure they

The Quest of the Golden Fleece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Quest of the Golden Fleece - Essay Example However, Pelias grew became fearful when the oracle told him that a stranger wearing only one sandal will be able to overthrow him as well. One day, Jason, the son of the king whom Pelias impeached did come along wearing only one sandal, and wanted to get back the throne which was rightfully his. Pelias pretends to conform but thought up of a way to get rid of Jason as well. He ordered Jason to find the Golden fleece. Despite the treacherous journey, Jason complied and after hurdling many challenges, successfully brought the golden fleece back to Greece. During the journey, Medea, King Etes’ daughter fell in love with Jason after she was struck with Cupid’s bow. Medea helps Jason and even arranged a plan to kill Pelias, thus making the oracle’s prophecy come true. Medea bore two of Jason’s sons but unfortunately, Jason fell in love with another woman. This angers Medea so much that she killed her two sons and Jason’s new wife before flying away on a magic chariot. The story of the â€Å"Quest of the Golden Fleece,† just like any Greek myth, is filled with themes of love, vengeance, and justice. In particular, the story puts great emphasis on the great evils that can come out of selfishness and jealousy. The characters in the story experienced so much pain and suffering because certain characters such as Athamas, Pelias, and Media needed to fulfill their own personal wishes. Although the actions that certain characters took went to extremes (such as murder), these scenes are not new to real life. The news is always filled with stories of how people kill each other just to claim their own goals, disregarding the conditions of their fellow humans. On a much more positive note, the story also puts attention to the great sacrifices that one can make for the people that they love. In the story, Nephele begged for Hermes to save the life of her children. Medea opted for

Case Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Case Studies - Essay Example It is understood that the recent wave of expansion that has hit the European travel market has been an application of strategic tools and techniques in order to achieve the organizational objectives of profit maximization, increased customer base and cost efficiency. According to the information presented by Page and Connell (2006: p129) the vast scope of the European travel market is such that 53% of the population residing in the continent were reportedly away on holiday with most holiday goers belonging to the western region of the continent which essentially represents the differences in incomes and savings of individuals residing in various parts of Europe. As per the guidelines set by strategic management, major tour operators in Europe have benefitted from various modes of integration in order to obtain a larger share of the overall market. Page and Connell (2006: p130) identify that due to the adoption of such practices of horizontal and vertical integration the landscape of the travel market in Europe is dominated by certain key players in the industry of which TUI AG and Thomas Cook AG are standout contenders on the list. As highlighted earlier, aspects of strategic management are pivotal to an organization’s success and this statement is also applicable within the context of major European tour operators. The tools, techniques and procedures that are involved in the assessment of a company’s internal analysis are used to define its value creating process and uncover its strategic capabilities. The implementation of these techniques consequently defines the optimal distribution of resources in an organization so that the achievement of economic advantages may guide the business towards prosperity and success (Bensoussan and Fleisher 2012). The purpose of this paper is to effectively utilize the tools of internal analysis which are, Value Chain Analysis and Balanced Scorecard with regards to the European tour operators TUI AG and Thomas C ook AG respectively. Accordingly, the concluding section of the paper examines the key aspects of the internal analysis to provide suitable suggestions and recommendations in the light of the discussion. 2. Value Chain Analysis According to Bensoussan and Fleisher (2012) the procedure which follows the implementation of a Value Chain Analysis can be described as a series of activities that are undertaken to guide products from the stage of inception till they are delivered to the final customers. Henceforth, the division of the Value Chain Analysis is based on the categories of primary activities and support activities which must be initiated for the achievement of various organizational objectives. This section of the paper focuses on the Value Chain Analysis for TUI AG on the basis of the aforementioned categories. The primary activities of the business can be examined on the basis of several categories that are classified as inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, mark eting and sales and service. The inbound logistics of TUI AG include: aircrafts, hotels, cruise ships and cruise liners. Accordingly, the operations of the business can be defined under the categories of tourism, travel and hospitality services. Outbound logistics of TUI AG are highly extensive which reflects the vast scope of its global operations, infrastructures comprising of the outbound facilities are travel agencies, airlines, retail stores, high street

Harassment Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Harassment Policy - Essay Example The protected categories include race, nationality, creed, color, sex (including sexual harassment and pregnancy), ancestry, marital status, mental or physical disability and also liability for military service. The law against discrimination forbids deliberate discrimination based on the mentioned characteristics. Deliberate discrimination may be in the form of conducts and statements that reveal discrimination bias or animus or differential treatment. Sexual Harassment This is an illegal behavior of a sexual nature that a person in power or authority uses to get sexual favors or any other physical harassment associated with sex. Anybody can be a harasser regardless of the position held within the organization, be it top most or junior employees. The organization has to devise some ways of curbing this menace so as to allow conducive environment for all employees. It has been known that sexual harassment denies people active economic and social participation and has cost a lot of mo ney in educating people to curb this menace (Paludi, 2008). This vice comes in different forms, e.g., sexual bribery, mainly called â€Å"something for something,† and hostile work place. It is worth knowing the circumstances that may gear the rise of the harassment at a place of work and possible ways in which the casualties are affected. For instance, few women at the work place and a poor mode of dressing are some of the ways that may promote sexual harassment. Sexual harassment has negative effects on the victim. It influences one’s psychological state of mind, stress and even makes one feel inferior. For this purpose, it is mandatory for all employees to be aware of the repercussions of this vice. The institution is governed by laws that should be followed. Any form of this vice is not tolerated at the work place. Any victim should report to the authority immediately stating the incident for an affirmative action to be taken. This is to remind you take note of the areas that may initiate the harassment and obey the work ethics. Severe punishment will be imposed on anybody found guilty. This will lead to imprisonment and loss of job. Wage and Salary Legislation According to the policy, salaries and wages are to be paid in monetary form with the consent of both the employer and employee. The payment can be deposited in the bank, cash or even through the bank cheques. The laws allow all employees to receive their payments accordingly to what they have labored for unless both the employer and employee agree otherwise. Therefore, it is wise to put such agreement in paper. Nevertheless, the policy does not state the frequency of payment for employees but depends on the agreement of employer and employee. For the wages, employees can request for any alteration in writing. If the employee requests his/her employer for payment, it should be done within two weeks from the day of receiving the notice. In summary: 1. Should the employee request for paym ent, the boss should conform. 2. Both the employee and employer should agree on the payment mode. 3. Should the employee disagree with the boss on the terms of payment, then the employee should be paid in money. 4. The employees are entitled to be paid their salaries and wages. The organization has put down legal procedures to follow in case of any complaint. Recruitment This is selecting, screening and attracting competent people to a job. The organization has put down legal procedures to undergo the process. They include analysis of the type of work

Torts Law Problem Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Torts Law Problem - Case Study Example His actions could therefore be interpreted as being binding upon MoreeRE Company, and thus establishing liability on the company under the doctrine vicarious liability. In order to file suit under the tort of negligence successfully, Cathy has to prove that there was duty of care owed to her by MooreRE Company and because of a breach of this duty of care, she suffered loss and damage. In the English case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson,2 the duty of care was established as a fundamental requirement in any action for a tort of negligence. The court defined this duty as the fundamental duty of not undertaking an action where it is reasonably foreseeable that an act or omission would injure or bring about loss or damage to those whom it is reasonably foreseeable that an act or omission would injure or bring about loss and damage to those whom it is reasonably foreseeable that they would be affected by such an act or omission. Section 52 of the Australian Trade Practices Act 1974 provides that , â€Å"A company shall not, in trade or commerce, participate in conduct that is misrepresentative or deceptive, or is likely to mislead or deceive.† From this provision, it is arguable that MoreeRE owed Cathy a duty of care not to engage in any conduct or making of statements that could be deemed as misleading or deceptive with the aim of procuring advantage thereof. The representation made by John to Cathy was misleading and it is in the reliance of this representation that Cathy secured the sale of her house for $100,000 less than the actual market value. This can be interpreted as a direct violation of the duty of care owed to Cathy by MooreRE Corporation, and because of this, she suffered loss. It is thus arguable that MooreRE breached this duty of care once their agent made those false representations. Reliance on the representation resulting from the breach of the duty of care the corporation owed to Cathy led her to suffer loss and damage, hence completing the requir ements needed for a successful claim under the tort of negligence. It is thus obvious that Cathy’s loss can be attributed directly to the breach of this duty of care that was owed to her by MooreRE Corporation. Cathy could also succeed in a claim of the tort of negligence under the tort of misrepresentation. The cause of action could arise from either fraudulent misrepresentation or innocent misrepresentation. A misrepresentation occurs when person makes a statement, on whose reliance makes another person to act upon this statement, and as result of this reliance, the party suffers loss and damage. A misrepresentation could thus be either an innocent misrepresentation or a fraudulent misrepresentation. A representation is fraudulent if the party making such a representation makes it with the intention that a party will rely on it, and such reliance will be beneficial to him. A representation, on the other hand, amounts to an innocent misrepresentation where the party making t he statement is unaware of the consequences of such a representation, and the party relying on such a representation suffers loss and damage from such representation. In the scenario, John’s representation cannot be termed as a fraudulent misrepresentation as he did not have the fraudulent intention to defraud Cathy through the transaction. This is because he thought he was carrying out business for his company with the

Investigation on how the language used in comedy affects the public's Essay

Investigation on how the language used in comedy affects the public's opinion of the comedian (comedians being investigated are Frankie Boyle and Kevin Bridges) - Essay Example Another important point to note is that comedy, in most cases, utilizes the attributes of the actors allegorically to represent the physical world (Robinson, 2008 p7). Comedians Kelvin Bridge and Frankie Boyle both leading comedians but each unique in their own style will be analyzed to show on how language used in comedy affects the public opinion of the comedian. Frankie Boyle is a Scottish comedian commonly known for his pessimistic and controversial sense of humor. On the other hand, Kelvin Bridge uses more culturally correct humor. In October 2008, Frankie Boyle made a joke about the Queen about her age and part of her body, which led to the Conservative MP David Davies, saying that the joke was â€Å"disgracefully foul comment.† Frankie Boyle was on it again in his 2010 tour when he made a joke about people with Down syndrome offending a member of the audience whose daughter had Down syndrome. Frankie Boyle refused to apologize and his comments were considered downright bullying. Frankie Boyle made a joke about Prices heavily disabled son Harvey during Frankie Boyle’s Tramadol Nights. Boyle made a joke that was sexual and derogatory, leading both Katie Price and Peter Andre condemning Frankie Boyle’s line of jokes. Frankie Boyle also made a joke on Olympic swimmer Rebecca Adlington that was considered offensive. In the joke, Boyle says that Rebecca Adlington looks like someone who is looking at herself in the back of a spoon. In addition, made sexual comments about the gold medalists’ love life, saying Adlington’s boyfriend looked like a male model continuing to say that from he had deduced is that Adlington is very dirty. On April 2010, the BBC was forced to apologize for a joke made by Boyle on a Radio 4 panel show. The made jokes on the Israeli-Palestine conflict. He likened Palestine to a cake being

The Jazz Age Essay Example for Free

The Jazz Age Essay The Jazz Age or the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† is a period just right after World War I between the 1920s to the 1930s which is known for the emergence of Flappers, Charleston, and Jazz. Flappers represent a new breed of women who are â€Å"saucy, outspoken bombshells with short skirts, shorter hair and plenty of ‘It’ (sex appeal)† (Trail End, 1995-2008). Charleston is a lively dance which originated from South Carolina and African American styles (Think Quest, 2000). Jazz is the music that came together with the Flapper and Charleston and it has become the most popular of them all (Trail End, 1995-2008). Jazz takes its roots from New Orleans where African American musicians first started to â€Å"improvise and share their music†. These musicians have widely spread what has been known as the â€Å"New Orleans sound† throughout the county by the year 1920 (UMN). The â€Å"sound† only came to be called â€Å"jaz† in 1917 or â€Å"jazz† in 1918 (Grayck).   However, it was only between 1917 and 1923 that the â€Å"New Orleans jazz† flourished to other parts of the country when â€Å"racism, prejudice, and violence resurfaced† against the African Americans which included the jazz musicians in New Orleans. So, these musicians came to Chicago, New York and Kansas City and from there on, jazz spread throughout the world (University of Minnesota Duluth, 2008). There are so many great and popular jazz musicians but this paper will only mention three of them. These musicians are Joe â€Å"King† Oliver, Louis Armstrong and Bix Beiderbeck. Joe â€Å"King† Oliver or Joseph Oliver was born near Abend, Louisiana in 1885. (Microsoft Student 2008, 2007). When he was still a child, he played the trombone but later shifted to playing the cornet. He was called by Edward Ory as the â€Å"King† of the cornet while he was still playing in Ory’s band. He later formed the Creole Jazz Band which became the â€Å"most popular band of the early 1920s†. In 1922, he invited Louis Armstrong to join his band (UMN). And he has been considered the greatest influence on Armstrong’s career. He also led the Dixie Conspirators in 1924 and moved to New York City in 1928. Unfortunately, things did not turn out good for him and he died in â€Å"relative obscurity† in 1938 (Microsoft Student 2008, 2007). However, his contributions are considered incomparable in the early 1920s (University of Minnesota Duluth, 2008). Louis Armstrong or Louis Daniel Armstrong was born in 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana to a poor family and whose father abandoned them when he was just newly born. Only his mother raised him up in the urban slums but he was only able to attend up to the fifth grade in school. Despite of this, he came to be known as one of the greatest and most influential jazz musicians of the twentieth century. In 1922, he joined King Oliver’s Creole Jazz band. From then on, his career flourished. In 1924, he moved to New York City where he joined Fletcher Henderson, and American pianist. In 1925, he formed his own recording group named the â€Å"Hot Fives (later known as the Hot Sevens)†. His recordings were considered as â€Å"some of the most seminal and enduring pieces in the history of jazz.† He was the one responsible for setting the â€Å"fundamental standards for improvisation† (Hasse, 2007). Bix Beiderdecke was born in Davenport, Iowa in March 10, 1903. He was one of those who were influenced by King Oliver. He first worked on a professional level with the Wolverines, then he worked with Charlie Straight and occasionally with Louis Armstrong and King Oliver,and with Frank Trumbauer, Jean Goldkette and Paul Whiteman. He started the â€Å"use of impressionist harmonies in jazz† and he was known for â€Å"his sweet tone and subtle phrasing†. Unfortunately, he only became very popular after he died of alcoholism and pneumonia in August 6, 1931 (Microsoft Student 2008, 2007). The Jazz Age did not only produce the best musicians the world has ever known but it also ushered all other kinds of music such as â€Å"Swing† to new heights. Works Cited â€Å"Bix Beiderdecke.† Microsoft Student 2008 (DVD). Redmond, WA: Micorsoft Corporation, 2007. Grayck, Tim. â€Å"The Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB).† Original Dixieland Jazz Band History Page. 27 September 1999. David Hansen Music Productions. 3 June 2008. http://members.aol.com/ODJBjazz/odjbhistory.html#2. Hasse, John Edward. â€Å"Louis Armstrong † Microsoft Student 2008 (DVD). Redmond, WA: Micorsoft Corporation, 2007. â€Å"Jazz Moves Up the River† American Jazz Culture in the 1920s. 2008. University of Minnesota Duluth. 3 June 2008. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/tbacig/studproj/is3099/jazzcult/20sjazz/index.html   Ã¢â‚¬Å"King Oliver.† Microsoft Student 2008 (DVD). Redmond, WA: Micorsoft Corporation, 2007. â€Å"The Jazz Age.† Trail End State Historic Site. 1995-2008. Trail End Guilds, Inc. 3 June 2008. www.trailend.org/dow-jazzage.htm â€Å"The Jazz Age and Louis Armstrong (The 1920’s).† Think Quest. 2000. 3 June 2008. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005846/categories/artliter/artslit.htm

Antigen Presenting Cell (APC): Structure and Function

Antigen Presenting Cell (APC): Structure and Function There are many complex mechanisms employed by the immune system to destroy invading organisms, abnormal cells and contain infections in order to maintain health and life. Antigen presenting cells (APC) are some of the cells that form part of these mechanisms. This essay will look at what APCs are, the different types with examples and their specific roles in the immune response. APCs are cells that take up antigens and present them to lymphocytes during an immune response (Sherwood et al, 2009). The components of APCs that actually do the presenting are Major Histocompatibility complexes (MHCs): Class I and Class II MHC molecules (Sompayrac, 2003). These two complexes provide two different pathways of antigen presentation that stimulates different population of T cells to eliminate the invading pathogen concerned. All nucleated cells of the body express MHC class I molecules and are therefore referred to as non-professional APCs (Kropshofer et al, 2005). MHC class I molecules are like billboards that display on the surface of the cell, peptides of processed endogenous proteins (Sompayrac, 2003).The endogenous proteins could be those encoded by viruses or parasites that have infected the cell. The main focus of MHC class I APCs is on events within the cell. Typically in a viral infection, the virus enters the cell and uses the cells own biosynthetic machinery to produce proteins encoded by viral genes (Wagner et al, 2004). Viral proteins are broken down into peptides by enzymes within the cell (proteasomes) (DeFranco et al, 2007). Following this, the peptides are carried into the endoplasmic reticulum by a TAP transporter (Sompayrac, 2003). After which MHC class I molecules within the cell are loaded with these peptides along with a sample of other normal proteins being made by the cell. This M HC-peptide complex is then transported to the cell surface for presentation. The protein fragments are displayed on MHC class I molecules to cytotoxic T cells (Tc) (Schindler, 1991). Having this mechanism in place allows all body cells to be monitored by CD8+ve Tc cells which inspect the cells. Tc cells detect foreign peptides bound to an MHC so if a cell has been invaded by a virus or parasite, the Tc cells are alerted and respond by destroying the abnormal cell thus preventing the spread of viruses throughout the body (DeFranco et al, 2007). MHC class II molecules are designed to present peptides to helper T cells (Th). Unlike the MHC class I molecules, MHC class II molecules are restricted to certain cell types termed professional APCs. Their focus is on events unfolding in the outside environment so can present samples of antigens derived from exogenous antigens in various parts of the body. Professional APCs display class I and class II MHCs as well as co-stimulatory signals (Sompayrac, 2003). In order to function, T cells, both Tc and Th cells, require activation. For this to happen, T cells need to recognise its cognate antibody in an MHC complex and they also need a co-stimulatory signal which can only be provided by professional APCs (Wellness.com, 2010). Co-stimulation is provided by a protein (B7) on APCs which interlocks with another protein (CD28) on the surface of T cells. Examples of professional APCs are activated macrophages, activated dendritic cells (DC) and activated B cells. DCs are the most important of the APCs as it capable of initiating an immune response by activating naà ¯ve T cells (Sompayrac, 2003). These cells are strategically located in areas of the body such as the skin, mucosal lining of lung and digestive tract where microbes are likely to enter (Sherwood et al, 2009). In normal tissues DCs are immature, expressing few B7 protein and MHC molecules on their surfaces so are poor antigen presenters. However, when a microbe(s) invade the tissue which DCs reside, they mature. DC are specialised as they have pattern recognition receptors on their surface which recognises common features of invading microbes such as LPS on the surface of gram negative bacteria. DCs takes up pathogens through receptor mediated endocytosis and degrade it in a lysosome (DeFranco et al, 2007). During a invasion, cytokines (TNF ÃŽ ±) released by activated mac rophages are recognised by the DC which informs it that innate immune system is under attack. Cytokines bind to receptors on the DC causing it to cease phagocytosis, leave the tissues (site of infection) and migrate through the lymphatic system. Whilst travelling, the DC equips the class II MHC reserves with the antigen and also produces B7 co-stimulatory protein. During this time also, DC upregulates the expression of class I MHC molecules as a precautionary measure that if the DC was infected by a virus or parasite at the site of infection, the antigen could be processed into protein fragments for presentation if necessary (Male, 2004). By the time the DC reaches the lymph node, it has its co-stimulatory molecules and the MHC class II- peptide complex(es) primed and ready to activate naà ¯ve T cells. Lymph nodes have compartments that have bountiful supplies of B and T cells (Schindler, 1991). Whilst at the lymph node, DCs trigger the adaptive immune response by presenting antigens to CD4+ve Th cells with matching receptors (Sherwood, 2009). After which, the APC secrete interleukin, a chemical which activate Th cells. Activated Th cells then secretes cytokines which stimulates the Th into rapid proliferation and differentiation into effector Th cells and memory Th cells (DeFranco et al, 2007). Memory Th cells are useful in future infections by the same pathogen whilst effector Th cells activate B cells to secrete antibodies enhancing other immune activities (Sherwood, 2009). Additionally effector Th cells and antibody molecules depart from the lymph node and enter the circulation which they then leave at the infection site. Antibodies opsonise the bacteria enhancing their uptakes by phagocytes, stimulate Natural killer cells (NK) to directly lyse the bacteria and also activate th e lethal compliment system (Sherwood, 2009). CD4 +ve T-cell on the other hand activate macrophages to become more cytotoxic. It is important that the magnitude of the immune response be in proportion to the seriousness of the attack (Sompayrac, 2003). As previously mentioned DCs migrate to lymph nodes only when activated by battle cytokines. In a serious infection, many cytokines are released and thus more DCs are activated. Before their migration to lymph nodes, activated DCs release chemokines, a chemical which triggers precursor cells (monocytes) to leave the blood stream and become their replacement as DCs in (Sompayrac, 2003). These new DCs are then able to be activated and make their way to the lymph node which amplifies the response to the invasion. The new recruits of DCs are like photojournalists, the antigenic peptide which they carry to the lymph node being a snapshot of the infection site (Sompayrac, 2003). This is useful so if there are changes in the area, the appropriate T cell can be activated and thus elicit the immune response most suitable. If the infection is mild, there will be fewer c ytokines produced, less DCs activated, fewer chemokines released, fewer replacements of DCs therefore the number of DCs that make their way to the lymph node will also be significantly less. Consequently the number of B and T cells that becomes activated in the lymph nodes relies greatly on the number of DCs present. As detailed above DCs play a role in the activation of macrophages. Macrophages are one of the early defences against invaders that initiate the cell mediated immune response (Schindler, 1991). Macrophages are very weak at presenting antigens as they only possess enough MHC molecules and co-stimulatory proteins when activated by battle cytokines e.g. IFN ÃŽ ³ (DeFranco et al, 2007). Macrophages function in the re-stimulation of experienced T cells so they continue to partake in the fight against the pathogen (Male, 2004). They engulf pathogens that have invaded the tissues, process it using internal enzymes and present the peptides on MHC class II molecules. This continual display of antigens is recognised by Th cells which continue to complete their function. Next the activated macrophage releases cytokines are previously mention that act on the DC i.e. TNF ÃŽ ±. Other cytokines released includes IL-1 and IL-8. IL-1 aids in the activation of B and T cells (Schindler, 1991). B cells are the third professional APC. At the start of an infection B cells are naà ¯ve so do not play a definitive role. However throughout the course of the infection B cells become activated. Some B-cells are specific to T-independent antigen so only require binding of its receptor (BCR) to a cognate antigen for activation (Sherwood 2009). Other B-cells are specific to T-dependent antigen so after processing the antigen and displaying it on MHC class II molecules, binding of a Th cell is required for their activation. The MHC class II complex interacts with the TCR on the CD4+ Th cell which recognise the specific antigen on the B cell. Next the helpers release a chemical known as interleukin triggering the activation of the B cell. Activated B cells go through rapid proliferation and differentiation into memory cells and antibody producing plasma cells (Sherwood, 2009). B cells have the advantage of presenting the antigen very quickly so makes the immune response more efficient. The development of two different pathways of antigen presentation i.e. via MHC class I and II molecules can be rationalised in that each ultimately helps to elicit the most appropriate immune response through stimulation of the T cell the population most effective in eliminating the pathogen in question. MHC class I APCs allows for the monitoring of all body cells through Tc cells whilst MHC class II APCs seek the help of Th cells and B cells which directs the immune response in a way that corresponds to the seriousness an infection. Through these functions, APCs ultimately helps to maintain health and life. Should Teens Be Allowed Internet Access? Should Teens Be Allowed Internet Access? The internet is a large market with practically everything available in it. It is a massive network of computers worldwide connected by cables and satellites. Most of the time, it is just referred to as The Net or the World Wide Web (www). The internet today is used for multiple tasks such as receiving email, communicating with people from all around the world, receive text, images, video and sound. It is a very helpful tool for getting any information needed. This is because it has people from all around the globe posting information onto the internet for the use of everybody who access the internet which is a public accessible feather for millions of people nationwide. (Young Media Australia 2008, What is the internet?) However, the internet nowadays is too widely used by tweens and is becoming an issue among our society. This is caused by different factors that may be dangerous to them. This study is to investigate whether it is advisable for tweens to be allowed internet access. We may wonder who exactly are tweens? To be exact, they are individuals who are no longer children anymore yet not a teenager. This means they would fall in the age group of between 11 13 years old. People are doubtful about giving them internet access because they may not be mature enough to differentiate what is good or bad and this may cause them to be susceptible to internet danger. Internet danger is generally caused by people who are not taught with moral ethics and try to inflict damage onto tweens. Advantages of the internet for tweens Offers a wide spectrum of information The internet is a virtual treasure chest full of valuable information. It has a huge amount of publications added everyday and is slowly evolving as one of the greatest source of information. Any form of information from A to Z can nowadays be so easily obtained just by a few clicks on the computer and tons of information show on the screen. Also, with the help of search engines on the internet, the work of hunting for information or data is minimized. Since the internet provides so much of information, it is a great source of reference for students who does research work or even just to look for information which cannot be obtained in school. Through the internet, forums can be accessed and through forums, people are able to trade information and share opinions with each other. (The Advantages Disadvantages Of The Internet n.d.) Communication with the world There are plenty of chat rooms that can be used on the internet such as Live Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, Skype and so on. These chat rooms allow worldwide communication to be possible. As long as computers are connected to the internet, anybody from any part of the world can communicate online. It is very convenient for family members who are apart to communicate with each other instantaneously without the need of using email or snail mail. (The Advantages Disadvantages Of The Internet n.d.) Saves times in completing tasks Before internet existed, there were many tasks that took a lot of time to complete. Now with the help of internet in the modern society, the time used to complete these tasks is reduced by an uncanny amount. One example would be students using the internet to communicate with teachers online. Students who are slacking in studies may have extra classes with teachers through communication programs. This greatly reduces students time needed to revise on their own and yet not fully comprehend the subject. Also, assignments done can be sent to teachers via the computer with the use of email. Educational games programs Games nowadays intrigue tweens and play a big role in their lives. Computer games are constantly being played by tweens from all around the world and the internet has a huge load of these games. Specifically, educational games are the games that have positive effect on tweens. These games can provide practice in problem solving and logic and also provide practice in use of fine motor and spatial skills. Furthermore, some of the educational games require two players or more so this allows parents to occasionally play together with the child and have some family bonding. These games being fun activities help to relieve stress and help keep the mind fresh. (Effects Of Video Game Playing On Children 2009) Risks disadvantages tweens might face However good the internet might appear to be and have many advantages upon tweens, the ugly side of internet should also be reviewed carefully to actually determine whether the internet is more harmful than helpful to tweens. Access to inappropriate content or information The internet being the treasure chest to all information, it also contains negative contents such as pornography and violence. Tweens who accidentally access to pornography may see images that would scar them for life and may potentially cause problems in their future life as these images may surface without warning. It is always internet pornography that is the first exposure to tweens of these sexual images and the images they see causes their brain to play mind tricks on them. This causes human intimacy to be planted into them as something twisted and perverted and this implantation is irreversible. Ultimately, this may lead to sexual deviancy and crime, which in turn affects their future relationships and marriages. (Children as Victims n.d.) Violence also can make a huge impact on tweens. Tweens who are exposed to violence would generally be more hot-tempered and are very likely to have antisocial behavior such as threatening aggression and assault. This is because they are brainwashed into the world of violence and cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality. They may think that violence is the only way to settle problems and that being violent shows charisma and looks macho-like. (Children And Media Violence 2009) Chance to come across internet predators An internet predator is usually an adult who exploits vulnerable children or tweens for sexual or abusive purposes, or also known as paedophiles. These people try to do these out of the norm things to satisfy their personal fetish. They would try to use the internet as a way of getting in contact with tweens and try to coax them to meet up. At this point, these tweens who are not under adult supervision may not be mature enough to think that this is potential danger and would simply just agree to meeting with this anonymous person. This would allow tweens to be vulnerable to these internet predators to carry out their dirty activities. In some reported cases, these paedophiles have raped and killed innocent children. (What are the risks involved with my child using the internet n.d.) Become victims of cyber bullying Cyber bullying is quite common nowadays in the virtual world. What exactly does cyber bullying mean? It basically is any form of harassment that occurs via the internet. Posting fake videos on web sites, leaving mean and evil emails towards somebody are forms of cyber bullying. Tweens who are cyber bullied would feel very depressed and overwhelmed as they do not know who these people are who cyber bully them. These helpless victims would usually suffer quietly and be mentally imbalanced because they usually dont tell an adult about this issue and just keep it to themselves. (What is Cyberbullying? n.d.) Be subjected to invasion of privacy, unsolicited advertising financial risks There are plenty of commercial websites on the internet that may invade privacy by requesting for personal information. Tweens may be encouraged to complete questionnaires and enter competitions that lead to the divulgence of personal information or incur unforeseen costs. Also, some sites have advertisements that encourage tweens to acquire products which are costly and unnecessary for them. (What are the risks involved with my child using the internet n.d.) Addiction to the internet It is very easy for tweens to get addicted to the internet because it is so interactive. With all the contents available on the internet, tweens would opt to sit in front of a computer all day and this would cause them not to have time to finish assignments or work and decrease the time for socializing with people in person. This usually also causes tweens to be less healthy as they would lack the exercise needed for their body. (What are the risks involved with my child using the internet n.d.) Conclusion To look at the whole argument in an unbiased way, a comparison has to be made between the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. It may appear that it is not advisable for tweens to be allowed internet access because of all the negative effects it may cause. However, from a survey carried out, majority of the people agree that tweens should be given internet access and that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of the internet. These negative effects are avoidable and it basically comes down to the way tweens use the internet and how much they understand about the internet. These problems may be avoided if they are guided along the way by an adult because an adult is able to differentiate whats good and whats not on the internet and teach tweens how to avoid these sites on the internet. Most of the tweens who suffer from internet disadvantages are those who are ignorant and are not taught well on how to utilize internet as a powerful tool. (1615 words)

Hamlet †is there Spirituality? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

  Ã‚   To what extent is spirituality woven into the fabric of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet? This essay proposes to answer that question. David Bevington, in the Introduction of Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, finds a very obvious spiritual dimension to the drama: According to popular Elizabethan belief, both Catholic and Protestant, spirits from the dead could indeed â€Å"assume a pleasing shape,† in order to abuse a person in Hamlet’s vulnerable frame of mind and so lead him to damnation.[. . .] Hamlet must face the ghost once again to explain why he â€Å"lets go by Th’ important acting of your dread command†; yet his purpose in confronting Gertrude with her weakness is the laudable one of returning her to at least an outward custom of virtue.[. . .] Hamlet has always believed that heavenly justice will prevail among men: â€Å"Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes† (6).    The spiritual aspect of the play is made apparent in the second scene when Hamlet wears black to the courtly celebration in the room of state in the castle of Elsinore. His motves for this are spiritual in nature. The first soliloquy, or â€Å"act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud† (Abrams 289), occurs when the hero is left alone after the royal social gathering. He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). His first soliloquy emphasizes two religious/moral themes: the corruption of the world at large, and the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage:    O, that this too too solid flesh would melt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seem to me all the uses of this world!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fie on't! ah fie! 'tis an unweeded garden,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possess it merely. That it should come to this!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So excellent a king; that was, to this,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That he might not beteem the winds of heaven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Visit her face too roughly. Hamlet – is there Spirituality? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework   Ã‚   To what extent is spirituality woven into the fabric of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet? This essay proposes to answer that question. David Bevington, in the Introduction of Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, finds a very obvious spiritual dimension to the drama: According to popular Elizabethan belief, both Catholic and Protestant, spirits from the dead could indeed â€Å"assume a pleasing shape,† in order to abuse a person in Hamlet’s vulnerable frame of mind and so lead him to damnation.[. . .] Hamlet must face the ghost once again to explain why he â€Å"lets go by Th’ important acting of your dread command†; yet his purpose in confronting Gertrude with her weakness is the laudable one of returning her to at least an outward custom of virtue.[. . .] Hamlet has always believed that heavenly justice will prevail among men: â€Å"Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes† (6).    The spiritual aspect of the play is made apparent in the second scene when Hamlet wears black to the courtly celebration in the room of state in the castle of Elsinore. His motves for this are spiritual in nature. The first soliloquy, or â€Å"act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud† (Abrams 289), occurs when the hero is left alone after the royal social gathering. He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). His first soliloquy emphasizes two religious/moral themes: the corruption of the world at large, and the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage:    O, that this too too solid flesh would melt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seem to me all the uses of this world!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fie on't! ah fie! 'tis an unweeded garden,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possess it merely. That it should come to this!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So excellent a king; that was, to this,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That he might not beteem the winds of heaven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Visit her face too roughly.

Personal Narrative- Learning Essay examples -- Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Learning As the dull scent of chalk dust mixes imperceptably with the drone of the teacher's monotone, I doodle in my tablet to stay awake. I notice vaguely that, despite my best efforts in the shower this morning after practice, I still smell like chlorine. I sigh and wonder why the school's administration requires the students to take a class that, if it were on the Internet, would delight Mirsky (creator of Mirsky's Worst of the Web), as yet another addition to his list of worthless sites. Still, there was hope that I would learn something that would make today's first class more than just forty-five wasted minutes... It wouldn't be the first time I learned something new from the least likely place. I have three reasons to continue hoping. They are: my freshman physical science class, the manner in which I came to take calculus in junior year and my experiences with high school swimming. These incidents have, despite the odds against it, added to my confidence in my academic ability and have shown me that there is something to be learned from even the...

Determining Hate Crimes Essay -- essays research papers

Exposition: Determining Hate Crimes?Hate based on race, religion and sexual orientation exist within any cultural rich societies. When this type of hate fuels a person into taking violent actions upon those they hate, it is called a hate crime; a topic which the American public is seriously concerned about. It has been a widely discussed subject on the media, and often debates of whether or not a crime should be attributed with hate are the center for discussion.Does hate crime imply on any case when a person is convicted for inflicting damage on someone "different"? It is often difficult to set a benchmark for measuring sufficiency of hate as a cause to label it in front of crime. The term can be conveniently stretched and squeezed by people with different ideas and biases. The four white policemen who brutally beat Rodney King Jr., a black man, half to death for merely speeding is determined by the court ¡Ã‚ ¦s judgment, as officers performing their duty. Hate, to those particular jurors and judge, was not a valid concern. To them, the beating was not due to the officers ¡Ã‚ ¦ resentment for a black man, but because they were simply disciplining an offender of the law. To the minority groups, the court ¡Ã‚ ¦s ruling was outrageous. From their point of view, the savage beating was unnecessary and hate was obviously the factor which induce the four cops to perform such a nasty feat. Because people have varying views and opinions, application of the term "hate crime&qu...

I am not esther Essay

Describe a conflict/challenge faced by a character in the novel. Explain why the conflict/challenge is important. Fleur Beale effectively creates conflict between her two main characters 14 year old Kirby Pilgrim and her Uncle Caleb in the novel I Am Not Esther by throwing together two contrasting characters. This conflict is important because it introduces new characters to the plot, develops relationships, creates suspense, and reveals the themes identity crisis and rebellion. When Kirby’s mother, without much notice leaves Kirby in the care of her Uncle Caleb, leader of a cult and takes off to Africa Kirby’s world is turned upside down. At the first meeting Uncle Caleb introduces Kirby as Esther. â€Å" I am not Esther† Kirby repeated in protest, â€Å"I’m Kirby† But he insisted that she would have to use her new name as all the women of their faith had Biblical names. Kirby was used to dyeing her hair red and green for Christmas but now Uncle Caleb made her tie her hair in a braid and wear a headscarf in public. In protest Kirby hacked her hair with a kitchen knife. He also made her abandon her jeans and T-shirt and for a Long blue skirt, white loose blouse done up to the neck and up to the wrists, big white apron, laced up shoes and underwear ‘big enough to hide a cow’. Kirby who was loathe to give up her jeans objected by saying, â€Å"I’m allergic to skirts. † Besides these impositions there was no TV or radio at the cult and no books to read but for the Bible as they ‘kept their thoughts turned to the lord. Also she had to use formal language and obey the rules of the cult without question as the women of the cult always put themselves in the background. When Kirby tried to assert herself Uncle Caleb locked her in the prayer room where she remained isolated until such time Uncle Caleb released her. This conflict is important because it introduces new characters like Daniel and Maggie into the plot and develops fascinating relationships between them. Esther’s cousin Daniel helped Kirby find her mother’s things after Uncle Caleb refused to let her have them and Esther found comfort in the innocent 5 year old Maggie. The conflict also creates suspense as the reader is kept guessing, will Kirby get out of the cult and be reunited with her mother with Daniel’s help or will she succumb to the pressure from Uncle Caleb and accept the lifestyle of the cult. When Esther protests to her change in name and hairstyle and dress the themes identity crisis and rebellion are revealed by her actions. â€Å"I don’t know who I am any longer† Esther said to her mother when they were reunited, confused about her identity as any fourteen year old who had so much change inflicted on her in such a short span of time would feel. So we see that Fleur Beale has deliberately used conflict in the novel so that the reader is engaged with the characters and the plot of the novel and the resolution in the end becomes all the more meaningful because of the conflict that Esther faced when she moved to live in the cult and met the domineering Uncle Caleb.

Brand new adventure park Essay

Afan Valley Adventure Park is a brand new adventure park opening soon in Afan Valley South Wales. The park is home to many exhilarating rides, but not only thrill seekers will enjoy Afan Valley, as there is a large on site petting zoo for the youngsters. Afan Valley is also home to one of the biggest wooden roller coasters on Britain! It’s loops and hoops will make you dizzy with excitement just looking at it! But Afan Valley does not just cater for the thrill seekers of the family, under 5’s can enjoy the gentler pace of our tree tops kiddies roller coaster or our Teletubbies flying aeroplanes. After all the excitement of the rides you can relax in one of our many bar/restaurants while the kids play safely in one of our supervised cri ches. You can also take an after dinner stroll on one of our scenic country walks, which we have proudly been awarded the David Bellamy Gold award for conservation. There are many items available to hire at A. V. A. P for a small fee, such as mountain bikes, children’s buggies and hiking boots. These are available to reserve before you arrive at the park. Included on the following pages is an application form for membership to Afan Valley. There are many benefits of becoming a member for the very reasonable fee of i 15 a month. You will receive a regular newsletter telling you about all of the up dated facilities and new rides and also included will be a map of the park, for you to find your way around. Another special benefit of becoming a member is free entry to the park as much as you want and also free car parking. So all you have to pay is the once a month payment of i 15. I intend to use the database to sort members into different categories and to find contact numbers easily. I also want to use the database to sort for members who have not paid their subscriptions.

Critical Analysis of Efficiency Market Hypothesis Essay

In this essay, firstly, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is given an appraisal in relation to random walk, as well as its definition, revealing theories in context of empirical evidence. A brief explanation of the 3 forms of EMH is highlighted alongside a brief description of its tests for validity. The main focus of discussion is whether or not Technical & Fundamental Analysis can determine abnormal returns by investors strategically using a set of information to formulate buying and selling decisions to beat the efficient market. (Graphs and sets of equations may be applied). Following general empirical studies, the theory of Efficient Market typically asserts that, it would be impossible to consistently outperform the market by means of technical & fundamental analysis, consequently, in the light of this assertion, technical, fundamental and other anomalies are revealed that may suggest some levels of market inefficiencies. Finally, a conclusion, subjectively underlining the relevant points expressed above, putting to perspective facts conveyed through the topic of critical discussion. Appraisal of the Efficient Market Hypothesis and Random Walk The efficient market hypothesis is a financial theory widely accepted by most academic financial economists. It was generally believed that securities markets were extremely efficient in reflecting information about individual stocks and  about the stock market as a whole. The accepted view was that when information arises, the news spreads very quickly and is incorporated into the prices of securities without delay. Thus, when the term ‘efficient market’ was introduced into the economics literature in the 1960s , it was defined as a market in which prices at any time â€Å"fully reflect† and ‘adjusts rapidly to new available information’ (Eugene F. Fama, 1970, p 383.). In the context of this hypothesis, â€Å"efficient† empirically, means that the market is capable of quickly digesting new information on the economy, an industry, or the value of an enterprise and accurately impounding it into securities prices. In such markets, participants can expect to earn no more, nor less, than a fair return for the risks undertaken, hence failing to provide abnormal returns. Random Walk, is a Theory closely associated with the efficient market hypothesis, was originally created by Louis Bachelier (1900), and developed by Kendall, in 1950s. Kendall (1953) found that stock and commodity prices follow a random walk. Random walk varies with regard to the time parameter. According to capital markets theory, the expected return from a security is primarily a function of its risk. The price of the security reflects the present value of its expected future cash flows, which incorporates many factors such as volatility, liquidity, and risk of bankruptcy. However, while prices are rationally based, changes in prices are expected to be random and unpredictable, because new information, by its very nature, is unpredictable. Therefore stock prices are said to follow a Random Walk. Versions of the Efficiency Market Hypothesis and tests Following the concept of information, as stated in the above paragraph, it is useful to distinguish among three versions of the EMH, Fama (1970) identified as: the weak, semi-strong, and strong forms of the hypothesis. These versions differ by their notions of what is meant by the term â€Å"all available information.† The tests for each form, summarized in brief, empirically shows evidence in favor of EMH: According to Fama (1970), Weak form efficiency claims that all past prices of a stock are reflected in today’s stock price. Therefore, technical analysis cannot be used to predict and beat a market. The Weak Form Tests. The test of the weak form of the EMH is generally taken to comprise of; an autocorrelation test, a runs test and  filter rule test. An autocorrelation test investigates whether security returns are related through time. On the other, a runs test, for example, measures the likelihood that a series of two variables is a random occurrence. A filter rule (or trading test) is a trading rule regarding the actions to be taken when shares rise or fall in value by x%. Filter rules should not work if markets are weak form efficient. Overall, the tests highlighted, statistically tests for independence, to establish the weak-form holds, thereby invalidating strategic rules for technical analysis, to obtain abnormal profits. Following the weak-form EMH, is the Semi-Strong form efficiency in which Fama (1970) states that security prices reflect all publicly available information. The Semi-Strong Test. Tests for the semi-strong, significantly and reveals Event Study. The first event study was undertaken by Fama, Fisher, Jensen and Roll (1969), though the first to be published was by Ball and Brown (1968). An event test analyzes the security both before and after an event, such as earnings announcements, stock splits and analyst’s recommendations. The idea behind the event test is that an investor will not be able to reap an above average return by trading, on an event including the Fundamental Analysis strategy.

Middle Kingdom Essay

China is known as one the most advanced countries in the industrialized world; it is also one of the United States leading resources in products brought in to the states. China is known as â€Å"Zhongguo† which means Central Nation or Middle Kingdom. In the year 1000 B.C. the beliefs were that the Chou people really thought that they were indeed at the centre of the world. The Chou people were unaware of civilization in the west and that their empire occupied the middle of the earth, surrounded by barbarians, but in 1949 the Communist took charge and the name officially changed. China supports about a fifth of the world’s population on only 7 percent of the world’s arable land (Essentials of World Regional Geography second Edition, Pg.111, White, Dymond, Chacko, Bradshaw). The Chinese people believed in mainly their families and their community, unlike the Europeans who focused on individualism or themselves. In 1950, they introduced the Great Leap forward act that targeted Chinas’ vast population to rapidly transform the country from being agricultural based economy into a contemporary communist society by implementing industrialization and collectivization. In 1950, China’s population was about 563 million; the population grew drastically to about one billion in the early 1980’s. 1959 was the year that everything was collapsing, the people worked long and hard hours trying to make ends meet. The machinery broke down and the people were over worked and tired. Starvation became rampant. The products that the industries produced were very inferior and weak for example; the steel furnace was going down they couldn’t even use to make some of the beautiful structures they wanted to construct. The weather was so bad and the soil became very poor for farming because of consistent flooding. China’s fertility rate increased over the past few decades this was attributed to immigration and a decrease in infant mortality and a decrease  in death rate as national health improves. Later in 2010 , China’s population has reached 1.4 billion. Student Name: Latara Bradshaw Student ID#: AC1209024 Course Number and Title: EN120.2.1 English Composition 1 Assignment Number:6_06 Topic:The best teacher I ever had Date of Submission:08th November, 2012 There were lots of teachers in my school. But there was only one who stood out and I’ll never forget Mr. James Ward’s helpfulness and enthusiasm. His dedication helped me tremendously from my Elementary years and instilled with me now I am an adult. Loving, hardworking, tender-hearted and free spirited Mr. James Warde, my favourite Elementary teacher. I have had the privilege of him being a very good teacher to me for three (3) consecutive years, grades 5(five), 6(six) and a repeat of (six) 6. Short with a tall personality, medium built with black kinky hair, beady eyes and a contagious smile are some of the characteristics of my favourite teacher. He was very stern but polite and always cared about changing our failures into successes. During the day time we enjoyed going outside under a tree to capture the refreshing breezes which helped us to be more focused. Our teacher loved nature and he thought that the outside atmosphere would make us more relax and help us to c oncentrate on what he is teaching. In fact, he would turn our day dreaming into a reality with his creative ideas and interesting stories. Our classes were filled with humour and excitement; there was never a dull moment, even during Mathematics class he would demonstrate for even the slowest student to understand and at the end of the day everyone was evenly served. Mr. James Ward portrayed good characteristics of a great teacher. A knowledgeable man who was well respected by the students, teachers and community helped us be well rounded children at the end of every session. His professional duties extended from formal teaching to playing a very important part in my life as if he was my very own father. On a regular we would attend field trips pertaining to what topic we are doing in class, he would help organize school events that  were only educational and will help with the development of a student. Mr. James Ward built strong student teacher relationship and showed interest whether personal or school related, anything to help he was involved in. Enthusiastic teachers help students to have a better feeling about themselves and it also promotes a higher grade than a boring teacher who shows to love nor embrace which stimulates low esteem. Mr. Ward was known for his good manners and he always instilled in us that manners takes us a long way and we must respect ourselves and our peers. Our Motto was, â€Å"Good interaction promotes good grades.† On Friday afternoons we will have week quiz of what we learnt throughout the week, we really looked forward for Friday because he would bring us snacks and toys to motivate us if we got our questions correct and it motivated us for the next week. I never seen him with a frown or a displeased face even in a crisis he would smile and say, â€Å"God knows best.† He was a good teacher and a solid mentor and whatever was taught by him will instil in me and I will use his characteristics throughout the rest of my life. I love him and I will follow in his footsteps one day.

Why the triangle fire gave future workers and unions the idea to Research Paper

Why the triangle fire gave future workers and unions the idea to strike for better working condintions - Research Paper Example The fire in the factory took lives of 146 men and women, most of them in their teens.2 The incident triggered whole nation as it was not only failure of management who couldn’t provide better working conditions but also failure of the government in its ability to monitor the safety and well being of the people working in these factories. Industrial revolution was on a song during the period when more and more factories were built to produce garments and more women, mostly immigrants, were employed in these factories who silently worked in hazardous and dangerous working conditions. Most of the industries relied more and more on machinery which required human assistance to run and business owners depended on workers to stand in assembly lines, to throw switches and to turn gears so as to produce more output at low cost.3 The unsanitary conditions in the factory forced to workers to form a group and call a strike in 1909 of which 80 percent were women, demanding higher wages, fe w working hours and formation of union, an organization that would work towards improving the working conditions of employees. ... ed a committee to investigate about worker health, safety, well being, physical conditions of work, wages, hours, child labor, and even issues such as mandatory education, cleanliness, and toilet facilities. The loss of life by the fire incident gave rise to a movement to reform the safety rights of workers. The tragedy created outrage among worker community forcing the government to address workplace safety and create a Fire Department Prevention Division so as to eliminate the risk of fire hazards in cities sweatshops.7 The fire triggered sense among the people who looked upon the labor unions for protection and workplace safety resulting in dramatic rise in the membership of unions. The idea of providing better working conditions triggered state wide protests with union leaders carrying strikes for better pay, reduced number of hours, hygienic conditions and safety measures. Women organizations also formed which followed the incident and worked towards additional safety procedures and working conditions for women workers. The new law enacted which is called ‘Wagner Labor Act’ provided new and enforced laws like mandated sprinkler systems, fire escapes, education and prevention, no unlocking of door during working hours, etc along with protecting working in the unions and reduced the working hours to 54 hours for women and children apart from other safety regulations8. The labor act provided workers with information about their rights which became a motivation factor for most of the strikes carried out later on in the city. Women grew stronger and braver fighting for the cause of their rights which was evident during Philadelphia shirtwaist strike where women’s were more involved in the struggle to determine their goals, even in defiance of their union leaders

Hagar Currie Shipley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hagar Currie Shipley - Essay Example She does manage, however, to marry the exciting, thrilling and rebellious part of the human spirit to the hard-working, achieving and socially acceptable side finally, in her grandchildren. Through all of this, Laurence makes Hagar an unforgettable character because we learn through the book she is a real person with wants and needs and dreams. As the reader learns, Hagar Shipley's dreams were so simple, she didn't even know what they were until it was almost too late. At three crucial points in the book, Hagar speaks about the things she wants. The first time is a bluff. When Hagar returns from two years at school "down East," she confronts her father about what she plans to do. "I want to teach. I can get the South Wachakwa school," she defiantly tells him (p. 43). But it is as though she expects a conflict, and is even looking forward to one. She knew that her father was just like her -- very stubborn and blunt -- and she goes in to the confrontation with full knowledge of his response. What it appears that Hagar wants is not to teach, but some affection from her father, or even just some sign that he is capable of affection. The only time Hagar ever saw him express anything resembling an emotion was when she hid in the chokecherry bush at the cemetery as he and No-Name Lottie Drieser's mother apparently terminate an affair (or attempted affair) after the death of her husband. During the confrontation with her father, he reaches an even higher level of rage, which he takes out on the newel post, the knobby carving at the top of the wooden stair railing. He wrings the neck beneath the head-like newel post like the neck of a person. When he expresses, however briefly, that he needs her around, he grips her hand so tightly, it hurts. Instead of recognizing their need for each other, and for the simple expression of affection that is natural for a father and daughter, the encounter ends badly. Hagar pulls away as though she had just touched a hot stove. She has gotten what she wanted: a sign that she is important to him, but in all her pride, cannot go after him when he goes outside. In this she is just like him; they are both proud in destructive ways. This first simple dream, to be loved by one's parent, remains out of her reach because Hagar lets it remain there. At this point in the book, three years pass quickly. Hagar has done what her father wanted, ex cept she rejects all his suitors. In short order, she meets Brampton Shipley and embarks on an ill-advised marriage that flouts everything she was raised to believe. The next time Hagar speaks of a dream, it is many years later when she has returned to the Shipley home while her estranged husband Bram is dying. She insists that what she wants is for her younger son John to be happy. By this point, Hagar has identified John as the true heir of her father, rejecting her hard-working but plain older son Marvin. She has refused, all these years, to see that John is like Bram, and John is the one who must tell her. She had a clue many years before when she gave John her father's clan pin and he just sticks it in his pocket. John later trades the pin for a worthless knife, which ultimately is worth only a pack of cigarettes. The sightless stone angel cannot be expected to see clearly, but the relentlessly prideful Hagar just refuses to. " 'You always bet on the wrong horse,' John said gently. 'Marv was your

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Business Ethics - Essay Example The origins of the Kantian theory are from the Principles of Morals and Legislation in the year 1863. According to Kantian theory, there should be an attempt to make the world a better place and then to pursue the greatest good for an entire mass. Utility is to generate favourable impacts on the intrinsic values like, pleasure, preferences, ideas and happiness. According to Kant, the ethical values are recognized and are essential for identifying the second test of universalizabilty because more than often values are recognized in contradictions (Dimitriou et al, 2011). The rational beings are recognized as the individuals with the potentiality of the defining motives which are universally acceptable and widely recognized. The Kantian theory has provided me with significant inputs which have acted as a catalyst in the improvisation of my existing behaviour and performance in the existing organization. It has helped me to understand the significant difference between morality assumpti ons and rational choices (George, 2011). There have been various instances in my life where the solutions have stemmed out of Kantianism theory and have offered powerful moral insights and also, have helped in the reduction of the moral disagreements (Holme, 2008). The conflicts arising out of difference of opinions were resolved due to Kantianism theory (Pollock, 2011).The conflicts arising between family members due to difference in personal opinions, were settled with the guidance of Kantianism theory. The conflicts triggered by moral disagreements arising out of personated choices have been solved with the help of the guiding perspective of Kantianism theory. This thesis is utilized to refute idealism theories and states that these values within the ethical systems are of much worth. The theory lays emphasis on the fact that most of the moral values and ethical standards practiced by the society are justifiable. The unethical conduct practices in the organization are due to the failure of implementation of the moral values and standards. The permanent values cannot be embedded into the systems and is found to provide fruitfulness to the ethical theories and systems. The only minuscule difference is that it identifies the difference between the precepts behind the ethical principles and standards. However, this theory has various loopholes and lacks to serve the purpose of a guide. It is possible that an individual can face such a situation in any organization and thus, the employees can monitor the ethical system themselves. Utilitarianism Theory The Utilitarianism theory was evolved by Jeremy Bentham and suggests that a movement should focus on the right action which would serve the benefits of the mass. An action is either right or wrong, but if the action serves the welfare of a majority of the people, then it is following the guided path of the Utilitarianism concept (Roff, 2013). It is a technique which determines the moral value of an action. It help s us in judging the possibility of effects of our actions from the past on that of our present (Roff, 2013). The basic intention of this theory helps to unfold the reasons behind the implementation of moral values and ethics in a society or company. It is a systematic process to justify the moral standards of

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 51

Marketing - Essay Example This shows that company is struggling with its marketing functions, but is still recording a below the industry’s average performance. It still requires the company to put much more efforts on marketing to improve on its marketing performance. The business strategy in the 2nd year could possibly have been that of investing its finances on the future performance of the company as well as improving its effectiveness in marketing. It is very evident that the company achieved the highest in performance of the industry performance on marketing effectiveness with 0.80 performances which is also the industry highest performance. This shows that the company employed a lot of its efforts on the marketing strategies so as to improve its market share as well as competitiveness and create market awareness among other marketing functions. On the other hand, out of the possible maximum company performance on investment in the future of 2.24, the company was able to score way above the industry average and almost the reaching the industry highest by scoring 2.14. This shows that the company is much concerned about the going concern of the company and would like to see the company stand even more firm in the future than the today’ s company’s creation of wealth. This is even why the company’s wealth performance is very low since it ploughs-back much of its profits into future

Quality of Life Innovations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality of Life Innovations - Research Paper Example In essence, the initiative means using various methods every day to help save the community and its environment. It is more of a lifestyle problem; such that whatever a person does, it works upon saving the community and the world at large by implementing a healthy lifestyle. History and effects to quality of life Global warming is the increase in the average temperatures of the world’s atmosphere and oceans. Its primary cause increases concentration of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation (Newell 17-18). The effects of global warming include a rise in the sea levels and a change in precipitation patterns. Extreme weather conditions arise as outcomes of global warming. The threat to food security is the greatest impending danger attributed to global warming. In general, there are many effects of global warming. These effects are already causing significant and harmful effects on the health of people, and other worl d inhabitants, the environment, and the community at large. Global warming comes about due to human activities such as carbon pollution, where the daily human activities cause emission of carbon to the ozone layer (Pugliese 13). Such activities include burning of fuels like coal, oil and natural gas for energy, cutting and burning forests to create pastures and plantations, and poor waste management in the community, therefore, releasing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Need for address These issues call for an immediate action. The consequences will continue to persist intensively, people in the community need education on ways to curb or reduce the causes of the subject. Global warming is challenging many economies in the world. It is raising food insecurity levels to very high pitches (Crampton 24). Weather patterns are changing, and every aspect of weather comes in its extreme condition in many parts of the world. Such aspects of the problem necessitate action from community me mbers to help curb the phenomenon. This study will assist in raising attention and ways to make the environment friendly (Pugliese 14). Global warming is a persistent issue that is affecting every community. Every person in the community has a responsibility towards curbing environmental issues. Climate change is real. The emissions of green gases to the ozone layer are because of human depleting activities. Such gases include carbon dioxide, and methane (Bevan 181-182). Even though many governments are focusing their resources on methods to curb global warming, most members of the community do not have wide knowledge or any knowledge at all on how to help in reducing global warming. Information on climate change has been posted in nearly all sources of information, and yet there appears no change in the common man’s habit or spending ability. The rate at which human activities are destroying the world has increasingly risen up calling for swifter methods to curb effects of t he issue hence, necessitating the need for re-addressing (Crampton 24-25). Policies set forth Several policies have been generated, in the world, to curb the effects of global warming. The policies also seek ways to reduce the causes of global warming and increase a healthy lifestyle on all individuals of various communities in the world. The first policy is mitigation where governments aim at

Type II diabetes in Adults Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Type II diabetes in Adults - Research Paper Example process of the disease, the pancreases makes extra insulin to make up for it but as time progresses it can no longer keep up and lacks the ability of making enough insulin of sustaining the glucose levels to their normal levels. The liver, fat and muscle cells lack their ability to respond correctly to insulin, and the blood sugars do not get into the cells where they are stored for energy. Thus, this results in a high level of sugars building up in the blood a condition that is referred to as hyperglycemia. When greater glucose levels build up in the blood, the body lacks its ability to function properly. This can result in damage to nerves and small vessels in the kidneys, eyes and heart resulting in atherosclerosis, heart attacks or even stroke. Dehydration is also bound to result as high levels of sugars build up results in increased urination, and the person may also suffer from a diabetic coma (Guidelines & Force, 2005). The symptoms of type II diabetes build up slowly, and an individual may be suffering from the condition for years without their knowledge. Common symptoms include increased urination and thirst as the excess buildup of sugars in the body causes fluids to be pulled out of the body tissues. The person also suffers from increased hunger due to the inability of insulin to help in the moving of sugar in the cells and body muscles thus the person become depleted of energy. Weight loss is another symptom though individuals have a tendency of eating more than usual in an effort of relieving hunger (Alberti et al., 2007). Due to the body’s inability of metabolizing glucose, it utilizes other sources of energy stored in fat and muscles resulting in weight loss. The person also suffers from fatigue due to the depletion of sugars in the body, therefore; the body becomes irritable and tired. When the sugars levels are too high, the fluid is pulled from the eye lenses resulting in blurred vision. Other symptoms include slow healing and reduce body

Leadership Blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership Blog - Assignment Example Therefore, the managers need to identify the leadership approaches which can help in integration of activities of the employees and achievement of goals and objectives of the organization. The traditional theorists regarded leadership as an integrated approach which focused on team work. Later, it was regarded as a powerful relationship which had the ability to influence its followers (Evans, 2003). The modern leadership theories proposed that the master servant relationship should be replaced by superior subordinate relationship. The leadership theory occurred in groups which involved the employees working together in unification towards a share goal. As per Author Adair (1984 cited in Mullins and Linehan, 2005) leadership can be expressed as a relationship with other individuals. Leadership can occur in various groups or social context and they should have followers. Leadership theories are concerned with how to convince the employees to attain the goals and objectives in a systema tic method. Leadership can provide direction, guidance and activity for a collective group (Mullins and Linehan, 2005). ... The approaches of the managers need to align with the business goals and objectives. One of the main objectives of the organization is to increase the presence of the organization internationally and create a niche for itself in the market. The Cross - Vergence theory focuses on the economic ideology that believes in integration of cultural values with western influence (Theimann, April and Blass, 2002).The theory identifies the significance of the cultural values and its impact on an organization. Therefore, the theory recognizes the importance of national, sub culture, and the economic ideology influences. For example HSBC is pervasive in more than 88 countries worldwide and follows the Cross Vergence theory for guidance purposes. It is not possible to develop a universal theory of leadership which can be applicable to all organizations and in all situations hence a manager needs to identify the various approaches required at different levels and act accordingly. The difference in the cultural values of the countries may lead to the adoption of different approaches by the managers. It is not possible for every manager to adopt a leadership approach which aligns with the cultural values of the countries. The followership theory proposed by Brown & Thornborn (1998 cited in Evans, 2003) categorized the employees in four types; sheep people, yes people, alienated survivors and exemplary followers. Sheep people are extremely uncritical and passive but yes people are completely dependent on the leaders for opinions. Survivors keep adapting to changes and exemplary followers are able to think creatively and independently. Managers can devote certain portion of their time for in development of their emotional intelligence which can help in understanding the

Act three of the crucible Essay Example for Free

Act three of the crucible Essay This leaves Mary Warren accused, with no way out, as Abigail expands on this statement to make it seem more realistic. Abigail has achieved what she wanted, she has gotten the attention away from herself using her accusations. The tension builds as we dont know what Abigail is going to do next and we know that she is capable of destroying peoples lives. The Puritan society meant that everything revolved around God, the girls, knowing this, found that the strongest way to act was to accuse people of being against God. It would make them look in a better light as they are doing Gods work by ferreting the evil out of the village. Danforth, Hale and Hathorne believe that God is using the girls to help the village. This constant reference to the Bible and repetition of the puritan beliefs adds to the tension as it shows that they will not doubt the messengers of God. There is also a moment of humour were Proctor forgets one of the commandments, when he is trying to prove his wifes innocence. Throughout the whole ordeal Proctor stands as the voice of reason, speaking the truth but not being heard over the tumult of lies. He voices sensible faults to Abigails accusations. When Abigail sees a yellow bird, Proctor says that he cant see it and asks Hale the same thing even though he is being quieted by Danforth as he is trying to get the words out. He asks Hale because he thinks that Hale is starting to lose faith in the reliability of the court and calls to him for back up and support. He frantically tries to tell Danforth that the girls are just pretending in order to help Mary Warren, other wise he would feel guilty for Marys fate because he brought her there and told her to face up to Abigail and to tell the truth, Theyre pretending, Mr. Danforth! . . . Theyre gulling you Mister! This again adds to the tension as everyone is shouting over each other and the anger builds. As soon as everyone has been calmed down, once more they begin to yell their accusations over each other. The tension is built in peaks and troughs to keep the audience on edge. It is first built at the beginning when the characters first come on stage. It is lulled by Hale who asks for calm, and as they discuss the proceedings rationally, it is raised once more upon the entrance of Proctor as Parris claims he is there to overthrow the court. Another raise in tension is when Proctors wife is accused of keeping poppets in the house. Proctor cannot, despite the confession of Mary Warren, convince Danforth that it did not belong to Elizabeth. Abigail becomes worried that Danforth is starting to believe Proctor and so to strengthen the girls story she pretends she can feel a cold wind which is freezing her. The other girls pick up the act quickly and can also feel the wind. Proctor knows that they are only acting but cannot convince anyone else, as the girls have done it so much they start to believe it themselves. Act three Abigail : I I know not. A wind, a cold wind, has come. (her eyes fall on Mary) Mary : (terrified, pleading) Abby! Mercy : (shivering) Your Honour, I freeze! Proctor : Their pretending! Hathorne : She is cold, Your Honour, touch her! Abigail makes several attacks like this on Mary, when her and the other girls copy everything that Mary says and the one which finally cracks her, the yellow bird story. All these fantasies which Abigail makes up adds to the tension as we do not know what will happen to Mary if she does not confess. When Mary accuses Proctor she thinks she is doing what Abigail wants her to do but it ruins Abigails plan to get rid of Proctors wife so she could be with him instead. This is the end of the climax where Proctor is so angry at the injustice of the events and terrified of what with happen to him that in a moment of outrage that seals his arrest and ultimate hanging when he shouts out, I say I say God is dead! In the video the fury of the towns people is shown as they, in a Theocracy, feel very strongly about blasphemy. Proctor has seen the truth as he says that both Danforth and himself are doomed to hell as they have both sinned, Proctor : God damns our kind especially, and we will burn , we will burn together! . . . You are pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore! Hale has had enough and says he had nothing to do with the court proceedings and the overall verdict and storms out of the court. This is the final climax that Millar was building to the end were Proctor is so angry at Abigail and the court that he doesnt care any more. When he says, I say I say God is dead! He is basically signing his own death warrant as the tolerance for blasphemy in his society was non-existent. Proctor knew this and knew this would anger everyone but he also knew that he couldnt win. The end of the scene ends in chaos, as Hale storms out, The court falls apart, symbolising the less than perfect world of the Theocracy and their entire beliefs, which do not work when people have the freedom to lie and cause such thing as murder to happen legally and with the authorisation of the courts. I think that the point Arthur Miller is trying to make is that people will only believe what they want to believe. Also, there is not a straight line drawn through right and wrong, how crime and punishment are often influenced by thoughts, feelings and individual ideals. I think he is also trying to say that good doesnt always conquer over evil no matter how superior their principals, intensions or morals are. Stephanie Moore English Crucible essay Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.